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California walnuts account for 99% of the commercial US supply and
two-thirds of world supply. Most of the walnuts are grown throughout
the Central Valley of California and in Coastal Valleys, from Redding
in the north to Bakersfield in the south.
The remaining one third of
the world’s walnuts are grown in China, Turkey, India, France, Italy
and Chile.
California walnuts are also known as English or Persian
walnuts or Juglans Regia meaning “Jupiter’s royal acorn.
The black
walnut, on the other hand, is a native American species. Currently the
black walnut is used mainly as a rootstock for English walnuts. The
meats are tasty, but a lot of work to crack and remove from the shell.
Walnuts were introduced to California by Franciscan Fathers in the
1700s.
Walnuts are the oldest know tree food, dating back to 7000
B.C. Walnuts have been cultivated for over a millennia.
Walnuts do best on fertile, deep, well drained, non-stratified, loamy
soils. Under ideal soil conditions, roots can be found to depths of 10
feet or more.
The 2007 California walnut crop totaled 323,000 short
tons.
California has approximately 215,000 walnut bearing acres.
Walnut trees bear fruit 5 to 7 years after planning and can produce
walnuts for as long as a century.
There are over 30 Varieties of
commercially produced walnuts, all hybrids of the English or Persian
walnut. Varieties are developed for various characteristics, such as:
early harvest, late harvest; thick shell, thin shell; high walnut meat
content; pest tolerance, etc.
Walnuts are removed from trees by
mechanical shakers which shake the nuts to the ground. Nuts are then
swept from the orchard floor by mechanical harvesters and taken to
processing facilities where they are cleaned and packaged.
Approximately 60% of walnut exports are shelled and 40% are exported
in-shell.
In the US market, approximately 94% of shipments are shelled
walnuts, while only 6% remain in-shell.
To learn more about Walnuts, check out the other parts of this Ingredient Feature: